Kinetics of Carbothermal Reduction and Nitridation of ...

Kinetics of Carbothermal Reduction and Nitridation of Silicon Dioxide/Carbon Mixture TzongHorng Liou , and FegWen Chang Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. , 1995 , 34 (1), pp 118–127

Get Price

Formation of SiO and Related SiBased Materials Through ...

carbothermic reduction of silicacontaining slag to SiO vapor, transport of the vapor by a carrier gar, and condensation of SiO from the vapor at cooler parts of reaction chamber. Depending on temperature and gas phase composition, after condensation SiO can undergo further chemical reactions producing silicon, silicon suboxide or silicon ...

Get Price

Mechanism of Calcium Fluoride Acceleration for Vacuum ...

Mechanism of Calcium Fluoride Acceleration for Vacuum Carbothermic Reduction of Magnesia. ... Calcium fluoride combined with magnesia and silicon dioxide to form a eutectic that melted as a channel to aid the solid–solid reaction between carbon and magnesia at approximately 1573 K (1300 °C). ...

Get Price

IR laserinduced carbothermal reduction of silicon monoxide

Pulsed IR laser irradiation of silicon monoxide in the presence of gaseous hydrocarbons (benzene or ethyne) results in carbothermal reduction of silicon monoxide by hydrocarbon decomposition products and allows deposition of nanosized carbon–silicon oxycarbide composites which were identified by FTIR, Raman and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy and by electron microscopy.

Get Price

Formation of a silicon layer by electroreduction of SiO2 ...

silicon is produced by the carbothermic reduction of SiO2 ... because silicon dioxide is a cheap and abundant source material and the operating conditions are less severe than those for other molten salt systems. In this study, we show that one can produce a silicon layer on Mo

Get Price

Carbothermic reduction of silicon dioxide— a thermodynamic ...

Abstract. The carbothermic reduction of silicon dioxide at high temperature was studied using a free energy minimization (FEM) program. The stability boundaries of Si(l), SiC(s), and SiO 2 (l), and the equilibrium compositions of the gaseous species at various pressures, temperatures, and total composition of the system have been calculated based on available thermodynamic data.

Get Price

Control of carbon balance in a silicon smelting furnace ...

The present invention is a process for the carbothermic reduction of silicon dioxide to form elemental silicon. Carbon balance of the process is assessed by measuring the amount of carbon monoxide evolved in offgas exiting the furnace. A ratio of the amount of carbon monoxide evolved and the …

Get Price

Carbothermal reduction of silica in nitrogen and nitrogen ...

Carbothermal reduction of silica in nitrogen and nitrogenhydrogen mixture Abstract Carbothermal reduction of silica was investigated in a fixed bed reactor at 13001650 °C in nitrogen at 111 atm pressure and in hydrogennitrogen mixtures at atmospheric pressure. Samples were prepared from silicagraphite mixtures in the form of pellets.

Get Price

Silica fume, microsilica, condensed SiO2 fume, amorphous ...

Silica fume is a mineral composed of primary particles . 1 µm of amorphous, noncrystalline, silicon dioxide (SiO2), produced during the manufacture of silicon or ferrosilicon.. This tightly controlled electrometallurgical process involves the carbothermic reduction of quartz in the production of Silicon …

Get Price

Progress on the carbothermic production of solargrade ...

Solargrade silicon was produced by carbothermic reduction (CR) in a 70 kW arcfurnace. Silicon suitable for solar cells with an efficiency > 10% was obtained form silicon dioxide of different origin and purified carbon. The importance of a low P and Bconcentration (<10/sup 17/a/cm/sup 3/) in the silicon produced was established.

Get Price

Addition of calcium compounds to the carbothermic ...

Jan 17, 1989· Silicon is typically produced via the carbothermic reduction of silicon dioxide (SiO 2) with a solid carbonaceous reducing agent. The silicon dioxide may be in the form of quartz, fused or fume silica, or the like. The carbonaceous material may be in the form of coke. coal, woodchips. and other forms of carboncontaining materials.

Get Price

Pidgeon process Wikipedia

Carbothermic process unfeasible. The usual metallurgic use of carbon as the reducing agent instead of silicon cannot be used, because the silicon dioxide is a solid, while carbon dioxide and monoxide are both gaseous, and would follow the magnesium into the …

Get Price

Practical reduction of manganese oxide. Allied Academies

Ferromanganese is generally produced by reduction of oxidised manganese. Reduction is in the form of either metalothermic reduction or carbothermic reduction. Practically, metallographic reduction is performed with silicon or aluminium which form more stable oxides than magnesium. Carbothermic reduction means reduction with carbon.

Get Price

12 In the carbothermic reduction of magnesium oxide ...

12 in the carbothermic reduction of magnesium oxide ... To prevent the formation of silicon dioxide (SiO 2), it is proposed that a hydrogen atmosphere be used. Water vapor, which is present as an impurity in the hydrogen, can oxidize the silicon.

Get Price

Catalyzing Carbothermic Reduction of Siderite Ore with ...

the carbothermic reduction of iron ore, which dissociates Na2O and CO2 at 874°C, meanwhile, the reduction reaction of iron oxide takes –7) Much work has been done on the carbothermic reduction of hematite with sodium carbonate used as an additive, and experimental results indicate the carbothermic reduction of hematite can be ...

Get Price

Silicon dioxide — Wikipedia Republished // WIKI 2

Silicon dioxide, also known as silica (from the Latin silex), is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula Si O 2, most commonly found in nature as quartz and in various living organisms. In many parts of the world, silica is the major constituent of is one of the most complex and most abundant families of materials, existing as a compound of several minerals and as synthetic ...

Get Price

SMELTINGREDUCTION OF BAUXITE FOR SUSTAINABLE …

impurity in bauxite) is removed from the ore through a smelting reduction process, which yields pig iron and high alumina containing slag. The slag is further hydrothermally treated to alumina through an economical process. In the present study, the carbothermic reduction of bauxite is

Get Price

Silica to Silicon: Key Carbothermic Reactions and Kinetics

The primary carbothermic reactions for the reduction of silica to produce silicon were defined and the reaction kinetics were determined. Most possible reactions between silicon oxide and carbon ...

Get Price

Production and Purification of Silicon by Magnesiothermic ...

Production and Purification of Silicon by Magnesiothermic Reduction of Silica Fume Sarder Elius Sadique Master of Applied Science Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Toronto 2010 ABSTRACT A new approach is discussed for the generation of high purity silicon …

Get Price

Polysilicon Production

Silicon is the second most abundant element on Earth after oxygen. Silicon is usually found in large deposits as quartzite, as a silicate in silicon dioxide (SiO 2).Although these sources are generally mixed with other elements (such as iron) and therefore impure, silicon as a natural resource is highly abundant.

Get Price

13. SingleCrystal Silicon: Growth and Properties Single ...

This carbothermic reduction of silica produces fused silicon: SiO2 +2C →Si+2CO. () A complex series of reactions actually occur in the furnace at temperatures ranging from 1500 to 2000 C. The lumps of silicon obtained from this process are called metallurgicalgrade silicon (MGSi), and its purity is about 98–99%. ...

Get Price

Development of Advanced High Uranium Density Fuels for ...

different starting materials: the traditional carbothermic reduction of a carbonuranium dioxide mixture and the hydridedehydridenitride of elemental uranium. The carbothermic reduction route is the industrial preferred synthesis route due to the availability and nonreactivity of the starting materials (UO 2

Get Price

Carbothermic production of silicon solar cells using high ...

The carbothermic reduction tests show highpurity silicon can be obtained from highpurity starting substances under the cleanest conditions. This method can lead to the production of cheap solar cell silicon.

Get Price

Pidgeon process Wikipedia

The Pidgeon process is one of the methods of magnesium metal production, via a silicothermic reduction. Practical production requires roughly 35–40 MWh/ton of metal produced, which is on par with the molten salt electrolytic methods of production, though above the 7 MWh/ton theoretical minimum.

Get Price

Silica to Silicon: Key Carbothermic Reactions and Kinetics ...

The primary carbothermic reactions for the reduction of silica to produce silicon were defined and the reaction kinetics were determined. Most possible reactions between silicon oxide and carbon or carbon compounds were studied by a series of thermogravimetric analyses at temperatures up to 2000°C.

Get Price

Effect of K2CO3 as an Additive Agent on the Carbothermic ...

Abstract. The effect of K 2 CO 3 as an additive agent in the carbothermic reduction process of silicon production is investigated in this study. Using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) in argon atmosphere, different proportions of petroleum coke (PC) and pomelo …

Get Price

Carbothermic Reduction of Regolith NASA

The carbothermic reduction process is a mature terrestrial technology using carbon to reduce metal oxides (ores) to produce metals such as iron in blast furnaces and metallurgical grade silicon. The same process can be used to reduce minerals containing various metallic oxides in the lunar and other planetary regolith to produce oxygen.

Get Price

'LUHFWDUERWKHUPLF6LOLFD5HGXFWLRQIURP3XULILHG …

Direct Carbothermic Silica Reduction from Purified Silica to SolarGrade Silicon. Kenji Itaka1*, Takuya Ogasawara1, Abderahmane Boucetta1, Rabie Benioub1, Masatomo Sumiya2, Takuya Hashimoto3, Hideomi Koinuma4, Yasubumi Furuya1. 1 North Japan Research Institute for Sustainable Energy, Hirosaki University, 213, Matsubara, Aomori, 0300813, Japan.

Get Price

Oxide Wikipedia

An oxide / ˈ ɒ k s aɪ d / is a chemical compound that contains at least one oxygen atom and one other element in its chemical formula. "Oxide" itself is the dianion of oxygen, an O 2– atom. Metal oxides thus typically contain an anion of oxygen in the oxidation state of −2. Most of the Earth's crust consists of solid oxides, the result of elements being oxidized by the oxygen in air or ...

Get Price
Top